Source: MediaCorp
Video Transcript:
Hello 963的听众早上好， 在看脸书的朋友应该看到我们这个很清楚的画面。今天在主播室里头有冯雪龄医生，早安 Dr.Shirley 。刚才还在问是要用中文还是英文称呼，会发现有些时候我们的听众听了我们节目之后，他们就是可能要去找你做一些咨询，然后上网，可能讲Dr.Shirley比较容易找。
Good morning, FM963 listeners, and a special hello to our Facebook viewers! We’re delighted to have Dr. Shirley Bang Shieh Ling with us today. Good morning, Dr. Shirley. We were just discussing how to best present your name – whether in Chinese or English – to help our listeners easily locate you online after the program, should they want to seek your advice.
00:34
今天要和我们聊的就是这个泌尿有关的一些病症，我们重点会聊的是尿道感染，还有就是膀胱过度活动症。这个膀胱好， 其实我在网上看到，好像这个尿道感染是非常普遍的。我在网上看到有这个资料说：本地每5名20到65岁的女性当中 就有一个人出现至少一次的尿道感染，这个机率真的那么高，很高。尤其是女性，就是我们女性里面 50%至少会有一次的尿道感染 ，她们的生命当中。当然每个人的严重程度也不太一样，不过重点是为什么今天和大家聊
Today, we’re discussing common urinary disorders, specifically urinary tract infections (UTIs) and overactive bladder. It’s a significant issue. Research shows that one in five women aged 20 to 65 experiences a UTI. In fact, nearly 50% of women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime. While severity varies, the prevalence is why we’re addressing this topic today.
01:27
这个课题可能也是因为首先它很普遍嘛，如果说你不好好地去正视它的话，可能这个后果挺严重的，后果严重。当然大家有什么任何的疑问的话，可以在我们的FB的这个comment 目留言 或者也可以WhatsApp 8850963进来 稍后我们第二段呢 还会聊稍微比较难处理的一些问题，那就包括了有膀胱癌，还有就是尿道结石。
This is a crucial topic because of its widespread occurrence and the risk of significant health issues if not properly managed. Please feel free to ask questions by commenting on our Facebook post or messaging us on WhatsApp at 8850963. We’ll delve into more challenging urinary conditions, such as bladder cancer and urethral stones, in the next segment.
01:57
尿道结石我觉得好像也是蛮普遍的。是蛮普遍的。对对，很有趣的有些时候我们常常会听到，是你会发现你其实对他的了解并不深。是懂一些片面的东西，所以我们这个节目希望能够请到医生还有专家，空中和我们分享更多这方面的资讯 一首歌曲之后我们就要on air啦。
Urethral stones are surprisingly common. It’s interesting how often we encounter misconceptions about them. That’s why we’re bringing in medical experts to provide accurate information. We’ll be back after a short break.
02:25
大家也可以like and share我们这个视频喔 啦,准备啦
If you’re enjoying this content, please like and share our video.
02:59
今天在直播室里头同样请来了个专家来到空中和我们分享一些医疗资讯。是根据网站的资料：本地每 5名20到65岁的女性当中，就有一个人每一年出现至少一次的尿道感染。然后此外呢，大概半数女性一生当中，至少会经历一次的尿道感染。
Urinary tract infections are a significant health concern. We’ve invited a medical expert to share valuable information on this topic. Shockingly, one in five local women aged 20 to 65 experiences a UTI annually, and nearly half of all women will have one in their lifetime.
03:22
所以今天就重点和大家聊这个病症。今天请来的是先进泌尿外科中心的泌尿外科医生，
冯雪龄医生来到我们的直播室。冯医生早安 Dr. Shirley ，所以大家如果说想去谷歌多了解或者找她的资讯的话，可以输入Dr. Shirley就行了。刚才我就说了，其实这个资料就讲说 来这个尿道感染的病症是那么的普遍。
Let’s dive into urinary tract infections today. We’re very happy to welcome Dr. Shirley , a urologist from the Advanced Urology Associates, to the studio. Good morning, Dr. Shirley! If you want to find more information about her online, just search Dr. Shirley, And as we’ve been saying, UTIs are extremely common.
03:52
真的是如此。我的诊所大概70-80%的病人都是看尿道感染的。因为女性最普遍然后他们可能比较喜欢看女性的医生，或者我们会比较了解他们的状况，所以我看尿路感染的病人很多。
Indeed, approximately 70-80% of my clinic’s patients seek treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Women are disproportionately affected and may prefer female physicians, leading to a high volume of UTI cases in my practice.
04:15
男性也是有,但是没有这么普遍。虽然我们都知道说尿道感染是很普遍的一个病症，可是严格来说，可能大家对它了解并不是我们自以为的那么的深。所以今天就请Dr. Shirley多让我们了解一下 到底什么是尿道感染，那它有哪一些明显的症状。
It’s true, men get UTIs too, but they’re much more common in women. Even though we hear about UTIs a lot, we may not fully understand them. So, let’s ask Dr. Shirley to explain what a UTI is and what the most noticeable symptoms are.
04:43
所以首先我们需要知道 我们的尿道是由肾脏、输尿道、如何膀胱、然后下尿路
所以哪一个部分感染我们都叫做尿路感染，所以最普遍的是下尿路感染就是膀胱感染。那么那些症状就是我们所知道的：小便疼痛 -通常是到最后疼痛、不舒服、灼热感（烧烧的感觉）
To understand UTIs, it’s important to know the urinary tract’s anatomy: the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. An infection anywhere along this tract constitutes a UTI. Bladder infections, or lower UTIs, are the most frequent. Common symptoms include dysuria, which is painful or burning urination, particularly at the end of the urinary stream.
05:05
然后会一直要去厕所、但是又不多、排不出尿 、一直要去但是又不多出，然后那个尿就会有很混浊的那个感觉，然后白底白点。Dr我问一下， 刚你说就是有灼热感或者疼痛，它这种是持续性的吗？还是说在排尿的时候才有的？通常是排尿的时候就会有，排完尿之后那个感觉就没了？
Other symptoms include frequent, urgent urination with minimal urine output, and cloudy urine, sometimes with visible white flecks. Dr. Shirley, regarding the burning sensation or pain during urination, is it persistent, or does it subside after urination?
05:35
排完尿的最后的呢是非常疼痛的。所有的女性假如你们有尿路感染，你就会明白我所说是它那个感觉，是很明显的啦，不能够忘记。所以你一有这样的症状的话，就是大家最好去看医生了。然后尿血啰。还有刚才医生有讲，你的很多的女病人，所以是不是尿道感染，就是主要还是要发生在女性身上， 男性相对来说是比较少？
That final, sharp pain during urination is a hallmark of UTIs, and women who’ve had them understand that unmistakable sensation. If you notice these symptoms, it’s imperative to consult a doctor. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is also a concern. Dr. Shirley, with your significant female patient base, can we confirm that UTIs are predominantly a female condition?
06:05
比较少但是可以发生。大多数是年纪稍微大的男生是比较成熟的，不 是老，像我这个age。 因为男士假如你有尿路感染，那么我们的检验会更加的深切，因为我们要知道有没有就是前列腺阻塞啊、是不是尿结石啊。但是其实更普遍的是，男性假如你不喝水、憋尿
Although UTIs are less prevalent in men, they do occur. In these cases, diagnostic testing is more thorough, often including assessments for prostate issues or urinary calculi. However, a primary contributing factor in men is insufficient water intake and delayed urination.
06:33
你有压力,你也是会得到尿路感染的。听过一些老人家讲，好像有时候在排尿的时候，疼痛是因为所谓的身体发热 对对,那个也是一个很普遍的讲法 ,所以说今天如果感觉那个疼痛很不寻常的话，还是去看医生比较好了。所以主要的就是刚才那几个症状，当然有这几个症状，也并不一定是说是纯粹是尿道感染，可能是其他的问题。
Stress is a recognized factor in UTI development. While some may explain urinary pain as ‘internal heat,’ it’s essential to consult a physician for any abnormal symptoms. Remember, while certain symptoms are typical of UTIs, they can also signify other medical issues.
07:02
但是因为尿路感染，假如你不及时医治，它就会有很严重的后遗症。就是说它会扩散到肾脏、然后你就发高烧，那你就要住院了。假如牵涉到那个到到肾脏我就有点麻烦了，就比较麻烦，你会发高烧，那么口服的抗生素可能就不够了。 对 我在网上看到他们说现在好像市面上有卖一些抗生素对不对 ？市面上其实是不容易拿到抗生素的，
A significant concern with UTIs is the potential for severe sequelae if left untreated, including kidney infections. These infections can cause high fevers and necessitate hospitalization. When the kidneys are involved, treatment becomes more complex, often requiring intravenous antibiotics. It is crucial to understand that antibiotics are prescription-only.
07:31
所以还是要医生，还是要医生的prescription（处方签）。刚才我们也说了另外一个症状呢，可能我不知道，像我自己就好像是之前好像没什么听过，就是膀胱过度活动症。我听这个名字，我第一感觉就是膀胱很活动，就是会一直想排尿 ，那不就跟那个尿道感染的症状 一点类似吗。假如你有尿路感染，其中一个症状就是你一直要去排尿，
You’ll need a doctor’s prescription for antibiotics. Moving on, we’re going to talk about overactive bladder. It sounds like your bladder is constantly telling you to go. This can be similar to a UTI, where you also feel a frequent urge to urinate.
08:00
就是你的膀胱会过度活动。但是假如你是纯粹膀胱过动症，你不可以有尿路感染。就是不同的，就是你有尿路感染，可能会有膀胱过动症；但是你假如只是膀胱过动症，那么我们一定是要确保你没有尿路感染。为什么呢？
Overactive bladder involves involuntary bladder contractions. While urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause overactive bladder symptoms, a pure overactive bladder condition does not indicate a UTI. Conversely, if overactive bladder is suspected, it’s crucial to rule out a UTI. Why is this distinction important?
08:21
因为他们的医疗（方案）不同。尿路感染就是抗生素，假如你有膀胱过动症，但是没有尿路感染，它的那个药是不同的。所以如果今天我频尿的话，有可能是纯粹只是因为膀胱过动症，然后医生医疗的诊断之后，才能够确定说我是不是尿道感染了。假如你有膀胱过动症的症状，第一点就是确定没有尿路感染，
The reason for differentiation lies in the treatment protocols. UTIs are treated with antibiotics, whereas overactive bladder requires a different pharmacological approach. Thus, frequent urination may stem from overactive bladder alone. A medical evaluation will confirm or exclude a UTI. Consequently, when patients exhibit overactive bladder symptoms, excluding a UTI is the priority.
08:51
因为那个后遗症比较严重。所以通常医生就是先做这方面的测试 。刚才说到了尿道感染跟膀胱过度活动症，稍后回来我们就要聊一些稍微比较难处理的一些状况，就包括了有膀胱癌、还有尿道结石。稍后呢，再继续请医生在空中和我们分享。
The potential for serious sequelae necessitates the initial focus on excluding UTIs. Having discussed UTIs and overactive bladder, we’ll now explore more challenging diagnoses, such as bladder cancer and urinary calculi. Dr. Shirley will return after a brief break to provide her insights.
09:19
这时候我们继续在这个Facebook Live 。不好意思, 刚才我有点小confuse 你是说,如果说你今天尿道感染的话，你可以有膀胱过动症的症状咯，所以 以它是可以concurrent一起发生的；可是如果说你今天膀胱过度症的话，如果你是被诊断有那个膀胱过度活动症， 你不可以有尿路感染的症状在里面哦。
Let’s clarify: a urinary tract infection (UTI) can present with overactive bladder symptoms, meaning they can occur simultaneously. However, a diagnosis of an isolated overactive bladder excludes the presence of a UTI.
09:46
不可以的意思是，假如你有尿路感染你就是尿路感染；你要先医治尿路感染。通常假如你只是尿路感染，你吃了抗生素，你好了过后的你的膀胱过动症的症状就会随之好起来。明白明白了，总之先处理这个尿道感染，还是为先。刚才医生也有讲，像这样的尿道感染呢，女性发生率是比较大的。
Right. If you have a UTI, you need to treat that first. If you take antibiotics for the UTI, the overactive bladder symptoms will usually go away too. So, take care of the UTI first. And like the doctor said, women get urethral infections more often.
10:16
其实跟那个生理结构有很大的关系，对不对？对。 在网上看那个差别真的是好大，全部都是因为我们的生理结构结构的关系 ,有一些什么预防的方式吗?
Indeed, anatomical differences are a key factor. Online resources highlight the considerable disparity in incidence, which stems from our physiological structure. Are there any preventative strategies we should be aware of?
10:31
所以怎么样预防你就要先明白自己的身体构造，所以我们是讲女性。女性的下尿路比较短，只有四个公分，然后再阴道旁边然后又在肛门旁边，所以很靠近。所以第一点就是 contamination（污染）比较容易发生，第二点就是我们女性下面有益生菌，然后这些益生菌就是保持我们的pH， 是给它稳定。
Prevention requires understanding the female anatomy. The female urethra is shorter, approximately four centimeters, and in close proximity to the vagina and anus. This proximity increases the risk of contamination. Additionally, women possess beneficial microbes that maintain a stable pH balance.
11:01
所以有一些情况会造成这个PH会捣乱（混乱），捣乱过后其中一个益生菌会变成细菌，然后它的细菌就跑进那个尿道、跑进膀胱，等它繁殖一两天过后就尿路感染了。所以第 一点你的水要喝足够。为 什么要多喝水呢？所以我们的尿就没有这么浓了，所以它是帮忙把那个细菌给排出来，当然你喝多水你就去厕所嘛，你就会把细菌排出来。
Disruptions to the vaginal pH can cause normally beneficial microflora to become pathogenic, allowing bacteria to migrate into the urethra and bladder, resulting in a UTI after a short incubation period. Maintaining proper hydration is crucial. Increased water consumption dilutes urine, which aids in mechanically removing bacteria through frequent urination.
11:31
这个是膀胱的自我保护的一个方法。如果是这样子，如果你憋尿的话，你不排出来，它（细菌）就在里面繁殖。但我们所谓的憋尿是说，可能在日常生活当中；或者说日常的作息常常憋尿，如果时候因为旅行，是因为工作偶尔是还好。 好像你的工作这样，如果你憋尿啊，有时候我们会冲去厕所。还有可能就是小贩、还有就是driver grab 或者是工作的关系，所以你的病人是不是很多的工作，医疗人士、护士，因为他们也很忙。
Physiological bladder emptying serves a protective function. Prolonged urine retention facilitates bacterial growth. Occasional urine retention, as experienced during travel, may be tolerated; however, habitual retention increases the risk of urinary tract infection. Professions that restrict restroom access, such as nursing and transportation, exhibit a higher prevalence of UTIs.
12:15
所以这样职业上来，因为没有办法，你不可能放着你的病人去厕所。所以很多时候他们都会憋尿，还有空服务人员，空姐，像服务业的比较高。所以如果说大家是从事这方面工作的话，可能要听一听刚才Dr. Shirley小叮咛 ，就是多喝水然后要多上厕所。
Occupational constraints frequently lead to urine retention in certain professions. This is a common challenge for those in service-oriented roles, including healthcare and aviation. Consequently, individuals in these positions should prioritize Dr. Shirley’s advice: maintain adequate hydration and adhere to regular bathroom breaks.
12:45
当然工作很重要啦,不过我觉得身体健康更重要，因为你的工作的性质,可能你就要开始自己调理，就是你喝水，然后你有定的时间去，就不要憋尿太久，听众7186就问说男女都会患上尿道感染嘛，他说男女的symptoms different 有很大的分别吗? 其实没有很大的分别，都是一样。
Work is important, but your health is more important. If your job makes it hard to go to the bathroom, you should try to drink water at certain times and go to the bathroom regularly. Listener 7186 asked if men and women get UTIs. Yes, they do, and the symptoms are mostly the same.
13:14
但是我觉得男性尿血机率似乎是比较少的。 男性的话可能也可能是因为是前列腺的问题 ，它也未必是因为尿道感染。希望能够解答我们的听众7186的疑问。吃方面呢 ？就是我在网 上看到cranberry juice（蔓越莓果汁）会有帮助？是的，有帮助。
Although UTI symptoms are largely consistent across genders, hematuria may present less frequently in male patients. In men, hematuria can be indicative of underlying prostate pathology or other factors beyond a UTI. Addressing Listener 7186’s question, cranberry juice has been shown to offer some protective benefits.
13:45
蔓越莓是可以抵抗尿路感染的发生。但是它不能够医疗，它是类似Supplement这样的功效 Supplement to预防，然后你要吃蔓越莓，你要吃它的药丸，不是那种果汁，你的果汁你喝一百瓶都得不到那个药的dosage（剂量）. 像我们有时候去喝酒，那个Mixer Cranberry Juice， 那些没有。
Cranberries can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), but they are not a cure. For preventative purposes, concentrated cranberry supplements, rather than juice, are recommended to ensure adequate dosage. Commercially available cranberry juice mixers often lack sufficient concentration.
14:15
有一些是吃果干可以吃，但是你达不到它要的效果，就算吃整个scoop就不可以 几十个都没有用。 所以fresh的也没有用， 有用但功效不大。是量的问题，因为你吃不到这么多，所以大家还是乖乖到pharmacy去买,你买那个药一颗两颗，就够了。
Dried cranberries offer limited preventative benefits due to insufficient concentration. Consuming large amounts will not achieve the desired effect. For optimal UTI prevention, pharmaceutical-grade cranberry supplements provide the necessary dosage.
14:45
Cranberries 听起来就很好吃，它的药也没有味道。有些人在买之前The Mist（迷失）会 顾及说好不好吃的，好吃那个水果是很好吃。所以不过刚才Doctor有讲的是它主要是预防的 ，它是预防 。如果已经发生了再吃，是不是太迟了？对，太迟了。有些人吃了他觉得会缓和它的症状。
Cranberries sound delicious, and the medicine is tasteless. But remember, cranberries mostly help prevent UTIs, they don’t cure them. Once you have a UTI, eating cranberries won’t help much. Some people think they can make their symptoms better by eating them, but that’s not really true.
15:10
但是它不治疗。所以我有病人是说，其实蛮多，他们有症状就会去灌水，有时候可以,有时候不可以 ，所以这些方法也是因人而异的，但是其实最主要是你需要抗生素 ，一定会开抗生素的啊。通常我觉得肯定是尿路感染，我一定会开抗生素的。
Cranberries do not treat UTIs. I have encountered many patients who attempt symptom relief through irrigation, with varying degrees of success. However, antibiotics remain the primary treatment. If a urinary tract infection (UTI) is suspected, antibiotics are typically prescribed.
15:40
会不会有些病人就是很抗拒 ,有,有,那怎么办,那不吃抗生素？但是假如发生了，我就告诉他们你不吃也不行，你吃了这一次，我就帮你预防下一次。而且也可以减轻那个不舒服 , 就不会影响你的生活质量。假如你的那个细菌是，那个抗生素是对的， 女性他们应该知道，吃了一颗两颗，好得很快的。它的效果是很显著的。
How do we manage patients who refuse antibiotic treatment? But you still need to take antibiotics if you have an infection. I educate my patients on the necessity of adhering to the prescribed antibiotic regimen to minimize the risk of relapse and facilitate recovery. Furthermore, I instruct them on strategies to prevent subsequent infections. When the right antibiotic is used, you usually feel much better very quickly.
16:10
而且刚我们开始一直有讲，尿道感染是一个很普通的、普遍的一个病症，可是如果说你不去治疗的话，如果它影响到你的肾脏 时候就更麻烦了。所以如果说今天你对抗生就是觉得说不要、抗拒的话，你要想万一不吃的话，细菌感染到你的肾脏的话是更加麻烦的。
As we’ve emphasized, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent. However, untreated UTIs can lead to serious complications, including kidney infections. Refusing antibiotics for a UTI can significantly increase the risk of kidney involvement.
16:34
假如你的症状50-50，你不知道是不是尿路感染 ，可能你可以先验尿。你先验尿我才开抗生素也是可以的。但是那个很明显是，就直接吞抗生素好了 。可是那个尿道感染后引起到肾脏 ，那个机率大吗？
If you’re not sure about your symptoms, a urine test is a good idea before taking antibiotics. But if it’s clear you have an infection, you should start antibiotics right away. We want to know how often an infection in the tube that carries urine out goes up to the kidneys and causes a kidney infection.
16:58
我看有20%吧。通 常是有一群女性，他们很好运一生人都没有尿路感染，所以她们不了解它的症状，所以她们会觉得可能我喝水不够她们就喝水喝水，后来她们就会等一个星期 ，然后就发高烧了，就到肾脏，通常一个星期。一个星期而已，差不多一个星期。我还以为可能是很长期到好几个星期才会影响到肾脏。不会，假如你是有尿路感染，你没有去理会它一个星期，就差不多到肾脏了。
The risk of urethral infection progressing to pyelonephritis is estimated at 20%. Women unfamiliar with UTI symptoms may attribute discomfort to dehydration and postpone medical intervention. This delay, typically around one week, can result in renal involvement. It’s important to understand that kidney infections can develop rapidly, within a week of untreated UTIs, not over several weeks as some might assume.
17:28
所以只要你一发现有这个尿道感染的症状的话，能的话立马看医生比较好。所以这个时间要快，不可以等的而且不舒服，你不需要去等很不舒服的。我没想到是那么快 。大家如果说有什么其他问题，可以WhatsApp 8850963
Consequently, it is imperative to seek medical attention at the first sign of UTI symptoms. Timely intervention is crucial; delaying treatment due to discomfort is not recommended. If you have additional questions, please contact us via WhatsApp at 8850963
17:58
或者说在我们的那个FB留言栏 留言。刚才有听众问3997 说吃那个dry fruits可以吗？刚才医生已经说 NO, 没有用的, 去pharmacy买它的supplements。只有cranberries吗？ 有没有其他的一些水果，还是是主要是cranberries，水果没有。
You can also ask questions on our Facebook page. Listener 3997 asked if dried fruits help. Like the doctor said, they don’t. You need to get cranberry pills from the pharmacy. Are cranberries the main fruit that helps with UTIs, or are there other fruits that work too?
18:21
然后他们通常吃那个Probiotics 益生菌，选女性的，它的成分又不一样 。有专给女性的Probiotics，所以我们益生菌有很多种嘛 Lactobacillus很多很多
Additionally, women often use probiotics, specifically formulated for female health, which contain various strains of Lactobacillus.
18:36
所以大多数是给我们的肠胃比较舒服。其实假如女性我们肠胃舒服，你得到尿路感染的几率也是会少的，其实全部东西就好像机器运作要很顺畅。假如你有便秘的问题她们也会有尿路感染。Probiotics好像可以就是避免很多的（问题）怪不得我周围很多朋友都在问：有没有吃probiotics，对啊我也是在吃。Doctor都在吃，鼓励大家。
Probiotics mainly help your stomach and intestines. If your stomach is healthy, you’re less likely to get a UTI. It’s like your body is a machine, and everything needs to work together. Even constipation can make you more likely to get a UTI. Probiotics seem to help with a lot of things. That’s why so many people are taking them. I take them too, and I recommend them.
19:06
假如你是要尿路感染就去预防，就去找尿路感染的，所以它有很specific的 ,有specific四到五个不同的益生菌，是专门给尿路感染的。所以是比较高一点的，它会放蔓越莓在里面，有一些就放D-Mannose， D-Mannose也是其中一个预防尿路感染的（D-甘露糖）。
If you want to prevent UTIs, there are special probiotic pills made just for that. They have certain types of bacteria, and they often include cranberries, and a substance called D-Mannose, which both help prevent UTIs.
19:42
但是会比较贵吧。假如你是有尿路感染的，而且是重复性的，多多钱你都用。不然很辛苦了，辛苦你不能工作，这笔钱给他花出去，不然看医生搞不好更贵。还有主要是担心说感染肾脏，因为我觉得肾脏一旦受到影响，很多手尾。 所以大家不要小看尿道感染，等一下回来呢 们会也会聊一聊这个膀胱癌和尿道结石。
Those special probiotic pills might cost more, but getting UTIs over and over can cost you a lot of money and make it hard to work. It’s better to spend a little more to prevent them or see a doctor right away. The worst thing is when the infection spreads to your kidneys, because that can cause really big problems. We’ll be right back to talk about bladder cancer and kidney stones.
20:12
尿道结石其实好像也是很common，因为可能我们是泌尿科，所以我们也是看很多了。我周围偶尔就会听到 一些朋友有这个问题，可能我们也说说这个尿道感染的一些预防吧
Kidney stones in the urethra seem to be pretty common, especially for doctors who work with the urinary system. We see a lot of patients with them, and I’ve heard friends talk about having them too. Now, we’re going to talk about how to prevent UTIs and similar problems.
20:34
比如说，因为现在可能只有FB的人看到 可是我觉得刚刚那些资讯很有用。还有一个预防的就是口服疫苗 。有疫苗的，最新的。
Although our current audience is primarily on Facebook, this is important information. A futuristic preventative strategy is the oral vaccine, a relatively new development.
21:29
刚才其实在FB Live，Dr.Shirley解答了很多关于尿道的一些迷思或者问题，可能因为刚才时间的关系没有办法在空中说，不过我觉得我们也要让听广播的朋友知道。刚才前一段已经大概了解了它的症状，还有就是预防、还有治疗也很重要。我们先说说日常生活中能够做些什么来预防吧。最简单的就是好像吃那个Cranberries的supplement.
Dr. Shirley clarified many misconceptions about urethral health during our Facebook Live broadcast. While time limitations prevented us from addressing all topics on air, we’re committed to sharing this knowledge with our radio audience. Having covered symptoms, we’ll now delve into preventative and treatment strategies. A readily accessible preventative option is cranberry supplements.
21:57
这些你要到药局去买的 ,要到药局。不要喝那些果汁没有用的，只是缓解症状不能够预防啦，它的功效不足够。也有听众说吃那种所谓的干果可以吗? 吃爽咯，当零食是Ok的。这笔钱给花下去。还有另外一个你讲到的，那个probiotics。
For effective UTI prevention, pharmaceutical-grade cranberry supplements are necessary. Cranberry juice offers only symptomatic relief and lacks preventative efficacy. Dried cranberries can be consumed as a dietary snack, but they do not provide sufficient preventative benefits. Probiotic supplementation is another viable preventative strategy.
22:27
Probiotics就是那个益生菌，它是专门给女性预防尿路感染的益生菌。然 后它就会放蔓越莓在里面，或者就放D-Mannos(D-甘露糖) ，这两者都是预防大肠感菌贴在膀胱里面。会预防E.Coli (大肠杆菌) 所以间接的就会预防，因为最普通的细菌是大肠感菌E-Coli，所以蔓越莓和D-甘露糖的作用以及功效就是可以避免E.Coli (大肠杆菌) 贴在膀胱膜内。
Female-specific probiotics for UTI prevention frequently contain cranberries or D-Mannose. These components function by preventing E. coli, the predominant uropathogen, from adhering to the bladder epithelium. By inhibiting E. coli adhesion, they indirectly prevent UTIs.
22:57
当然今天，Doctor都来了。那我们今天就来聊一下更严重的状况。就是那 个尿道结石我先说我对它的理解我觉得第一是不是很难排尿因为就是有个石头塞住，对不对，这个就是最明显的症状 ？不一定，要看你的石头在哪里
We’re now addressing a more complex condition: urethral calculi. My initial assumption is that urinary obstruction, caused by the stone, is the most prominent symptom. Dr. Shirley, is that correct? It varies depending on the stone’s position.
23:35
对，因为刚刚医生有讲尿道其实不只是 ,它是一直延伸到膀胱那边去，所以肾脏、尿道、膀胱和下尿路。所以你看你的石头在哪一个部分，不同的症状 。肾脏结石可能会比较棘手一点。肾脏假如它掉到接近肾脏的那个尿道很疼痛的，所以疼痛是一个症状，还有什么症状吗？疼痛、尿血然后它的疼痛会造成你呕吐。
Precisely. The urinary tract, as Dr. Shirley detailed, includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Consequently, symptoms depend on the stone’s position. Kidney stones, particularly when they migrate into the ureters, can induce severe pain. Additional symptoms may include hematuria and pain-induced nausea and vomiting.
24:05
又比尿道感染更严重? 我觉得这个比较严重，这个的痛是很严重的，是接近女性生孩子的痛 ! 是很痛啊，所以男性通常痛到在地上打滚 ! 男性也有可能有尿道结石的，不要以为说今天的课题只是关于女性。尿道结石，男性比较普通及普遍，男性要注意了。刚才有讲说排尿比较困难，还有疼痛感，还有没有其他的症状?
Do urethral calculi present with more significant discomfort than UTIs? The pain from urethral stones can be excruciating, frequently likened to the pain of parturition. Male patients may experience extreme distress. While UTIs are more frequently diagnosed in women, urethral calculi are more commonly observed in men. In addition to dysuria and pain, what other symptoms are associated with urethral stones?
24:34
还是主要是这两个?同样就是要看医生，然后要做扫描?扫描肯定。我们就先在诊所里面做超声波，看肾脏有没有积水。假如你有那些症状，然后你的肾脏积水，应该是有结石。然后我们就会送去做CT 扫描，看石头的位子和石头的大小。有一些我知道他们说是可以用那种什么震动，把它打碎，然后把它排出来。要不然就动手术。说到动手术大家当然很担心后遗症，大致上每一个手术都有后遗症，那这个手术相对来说是比较 较安全啦，这个手术很安全。因为没有开刀的，它是内窥镜，所以大家不要怕不要担心。那另外一个比较严重的就是膀胱癌。
Are pain and dysuria the predominant symptoms? Diagnostic procedures include physical examination and imaging studies. In-office ultrasound is utilized to evaluate for hydronephrosis, which indicates potential stone presence. A CT scan is then conducted to precisely locate and measure the stone. Treatment modalities encompass lithotripsy and surgical intervention. Endoscopic surgical techniques are associated with minimal sequelae. We will now discuss bladder cancer, another significant concern.
25:37
膀胱癌最主要的症状就是尿血。也是尿血。有两个情况：一个就是你去做体检的时候，然后你的验尿里面有隐血。就是你没有症状，验尿的时候你的那个红血球会偏高microscopic hematuria 是隐血。 如果你是体检检测到，他们会重复，通常会重复一两次三次。
Hematuria is the hallmark symptom of bladder cancer. This can be presented as gross hematuria (visible blood) or microscopic hematuria (occult blood) identified through urinalysis. In cases of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, urinalysis will reveal elevated red blood cell counts. If microscopic hematuria is detected during a physical, repeat urinalysis is generally performed two to three times to confirm the finding.
26:06
一直有的话就会叫你来看泌尿科了。 就有可能是膀胱癌。早期膀胱癌是我们其中一个就是一定要去诊断的，先排除掉。当然结石、尿路感染这些都会造成隐血。假如你小便看到血，然后又没有尿路感染的症状，没有痛，没有一直要去厕所 ,你赶快来看我们。
If you keep having blood show up in your urine tests, you need to see a urologist to check for bladder cancer. Finding bladder cancer early is really important. Even though kidney stones and UTIs can also cause blood in your urine, if you see blood when you pee and don’t have any UTI symptoms, you need to see a doctor right away.
26:36
不能等了,不要等了。基本上如果从身体排出血肯定是有很大的问题的，不要想那么多了 。那治疗方面呢？它是跟其他癌症也是类似？电疗之类的？膀胱癌就是要看分第几期 ，早期的话,有时候它是很早期，要切除就可以。我们要看一下它的报告，histology。
Prompt medical evaluation is crucial for any unexplained bleeding. Treatment for bladder cancer is dependent on the stage of diagnosis. Early-stage tumors may be amenable to surgical resection. Histological analysis of the tumor specimen is necessary to guide treatment decisions.
27:06
有电疗、手术、化疗那些都是比较晚期，要不然开始可能也纯粹就是吃药什么还是OK的 。大多数我们一定要要做手术，就是拿它的细胞去化验，治疗的过程我想跟其他的一些癌症类似，类似也是有不同但是好多好多。
Bladder cancer treatment modalities encompass electrotherapy, surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and, in select early-stage cases, intravesical drug therapy. Surgical procedures are frequently required for both diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, including tissue biopsy for histological evaluation. While general treatment strategies share similarities with other malignancies, specific protocols differ.
27:26
可能在观众没有办法说得很仔细，当然大家会担心说,它是不是能够所谓的根治。可以，如果你早一点来，早一点发现就可以根治。 它的那个复发率会很高吗? 那些早期的比较没有这么严重，其实复发率不高；
I know people are worried about whether they can be completely cured. If you catch it early, you have a much better chance. And if it’s found early, it’s less likely to come back.
27:49
所以就是一样啦，很多病症就是早一点去治然后你康复的机率会比较高 ,可能我就是觉得听众要知道，你尿血肯定不正常的，不需要等。
Consistent with many medical conditions, early intervention enhances the likelihood of successful treatment. Consequently, any observation of abnormal hematuria necessitates prompt medical evaluation.
28:05
像膀胱癌就没有所谓的的男性或者女性发生率比较高？男性就比较高，女性也是有,但是男性比较高。抽烟人士我们会比较小心，所以这一段我们就讲到这个膀胱癌跟尿道结石。相对刚才的那个尿道感染，男性患的几率是比较高，大家记住了。
Men get bladder cancer more often than women. And smoking makes it even more likely. We talked about bladder cancer and kidney stones. Remember, men also get infections in their urethra more often.
28:35
同样啦,怎么预防？是不是和尿道感染类似？多喝水？尿结石是多喝水，少吃盐。你喜欢吃的东西都有。通常都是我们喜欢吃的东西，我觉得你要完全不吃有点难啦，其实我没有叫我的病人不可以吃这个那个，不可能做到。你要问你自己，你自己做到我做不到但是我们要适当的吃。
To prevent kidney stones, you need to drink more water, just like with UTIs. But you also need to eat less salt. It’s hard to completely stop eating the foods you like, and I don’t tell my patients they can’t eat anything. It’s about eating healthy and not eating too much of the bad stuff.
29:04
花生，新加坡人通常都是吃花生啦 。 看戏就吃，可能你听众也在吃，或者喝酒的时候，你可以吃，吃之后你喝多多水。如果说假设今天我是每一年都会去做体检的，都会做这方这样的一个测试，是不是就已经其实就足够。每一年做一次，还是说可能会建议大概每半年就要做一次？没有，不需要。一年一次，因为你一年一次的体检，你会检查你的尿，最好去做超声波，超声波肾脏腹部就OK。所以总结今天的这个聊的关于这个跟尿道有关的病症，不管是感染也好 或者说
Peanuts are a popular snack among Singaporeans, frequently enjoyed during leisure activities. For individuals with adequate hydration, an annual physical examination, incorporating urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound, is generally sufficient for urinary tract screening. Biannual screening is not routinely advised. In conclusion, we have covered a range of urinary tract disorders, including infectious etiologies.
29:57
膀胱过度活动症也好，或者是比较严重的膀胱癌还有尿道结石，他们的症状其实都有点大同小异 ,会overlap ,有可能的，所以也不要先太担心了，重要还是赶块先去看医生。非常谢谢Dr.Shirley今天在空中与我们的分享,谢谢
Overactive bladder, bladder cancer, and kidney stones can have similar symptoms. So, if you’re worried about any of those symptoms, see a doctor right away. Thank you, Dr. Shirley, for talking with us today.